How does the Internet Work?

How does the Internet Work? - cs.fyi

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• Introduction to the Internet

network: group of computers or other devices which are connected to eachother

internet: network of networks

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The internet was developed in the late 1960s by the United States Department of Defense

as a means of creating a decentralized communication network that could withstand a nuclear attack

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• How the Internet Works: An Overview

protocols define how information is exchanged between devices and ensure that data is transmitted reliably and securely

When you send data over the internet,

it is broken up into small packets that are sent from your device to a router.

The router examines the packet and forwards it to the next router in the path towards its destination.

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The internet uses a variety of protocols,

including the Internet Protocol(IP), Transmission Control Protocol(TCP)

Domain Name System(DNS), Hypertext Transfer Protocol(HTTP)...

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We have to understand of

HOW these different technologies and protocols work together

to enable communication and data exchange over the internet

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• Basic Concepts and Terminology

Packet: A small unit of data that is transmitted over the internet

Router: A device that directs packets of data between different networks

DNS: responsible for translating domain names to IP addresses

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• The Role of Protocols in Internet

protocol is a set of rules and standards that define

how information is exchanged between devices and systems

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one of the key benefits of using standardized protocols is that they allow devices and systems

from different manufacturers and vendors to communicate with each other seamlessly

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• Understanding IP Addresses and Domain Names

IP address: unique identifier assigned to each device on a network

ex) "192.168.1.1"

Domain names: human-readable names used to identify websites and other internet resources

ex) "google.com"

Domain names are translated into IP addresses using the Domain Name System(DNS)

DNS: critical part of the internet infrastructure, responsible for translating domain names into IP addresses

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• Introduction to HTTP and HTTPS

HTTP: protocol used to transfer data between a client (such as a web browser) and a server (such as a website)

When you visit a website, your web browser sends and HTTP request to the server, asking for the webpage

or other resource you've requested.

The server then sends an HTTP response back to the client, contatining the requested data.

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HTTPS is a more secure version of HTTP, which encrypts the data being transmitted between the client and server

using SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets Layer / Transport Layer Security) encryption.

this provides an additional layer of security

When you visit a website that uses HTTPS, your web browser will display a padlock icon in the address bar,

indicating that the connection is secure.

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• Building Applications with TCP/IP

TCP/IP: underlying communication protocol used by most internet-based applications and services

provides a reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of data between applications running on different devices

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ports - sockets - connections => data transfer

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• Securing Internet Communication with SSL/TLS

SSL/TLS: protocol used to encrypt data being transmitted over the internet

commonly used to provide secure connections for applications

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• The Future: Emerging Trends and Technologies

5G

Internet of Things (IoT)

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Blockchain

Edge computing